Phylogenomic relationships and character evolution of the grape family (Vitaceae)

The grape family consists of 16 genera and ca. 950 species. It is best known for the economically important fruit crop – Vitis vinifera. deep phylogenetic relationships character evolution have attracted attention researchers in recent years. We herein reconstruct phylogenomic within Vitaceae using nuclear plastid genes based on Hyb-Seq approach test newly proposed classification system family. five tribes family, including Ampelopsideae, Cayratieae, Cisseae, Parthenocisseae, Viteae, are each robustly supported by both chloroplast genomic data backbone congruent with previous reports. cupular floral disc (raised above free from ovary at upper part) an ancestral state Vitaceae, inconspicuous as derived tribe adnate to Viteae. 5-merous pattern was inferred be 4-merous flowers evolved least two times compound dichasial cyme (cymose secondary axes) thyrse inflorescence (a combination racemose cymose branching) Viteae derived. ribbon-like trichome only once a synapomorphy